Sefahla sa oxidized ceramic ke mofuta oa poleiti ea sefa ea ceramic. Ka oxide e thehiloeng ceramic pulp ka mokhoa o tšoanang beha ka mahlakoreng a mararo letlooeng sebopeho le ho hokahanya pores ea bubble manyolo e le skeleton sejari, 'me joale ka mor'a ho omisa le ho folisa' me joale e phahameng-mocheso ho baka le ho ba. Sebopeho sa marang-rang a mararo a moferefere oa tšepe se na le phello e ntle ea ho lokisa, ka lebaka la moferefere oa khoholeho ea mobu e hlahisoang ke li-inclusions tse se nang tšepe, oxidation ea bobeli, joalo-joalo e na le phello e molemo ea ho laola.

E sebelisoa haholo ho sefa mefuta eohle ea likarolo tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe le likarolo tse kholo tsa tšepe tse entsoeng ka tšepe, li-alloy tse phahameng tsa mocheso le lifofane tsa lifofane, lisebelisoa tsa makenete, li-alloys tsa koporo le tsa magnesium esita le ho lahla le li-alloys tsa tšepe tse se nang ferrous tšimong ea ho lahlela khatello e tlaase.

Molao-motheo oa tšebeliso: Sefahla se ka behoa kae kapa kae tsamaisong ea ho tšela, haufi le ho lahlela ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang, ho fokotsa matla a ho senya tšepe. Boemong ba ho ima ka har'a hlobo kapa mold spheroidization, sefe se lokela ho behoa ka mor'a kamore ea ho arabela, 'me sefe se lokela ho ba haufi ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang le mocha oa ka hare oa ho lahla.